mechanism of action of multivitamins and minerals mechanism of action of multivitamins and minerals

When your child needs vitamin D, iron, and zinc. Multivitamin and iron may also be used for . Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013;141:495-505. Therefore, these terms refer to products that have widely varying compositions [5]. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025 (DGA) notes that the critical period for folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects starts at least 1 month before conception and continues through the first 2 to 3 months of pregnancy [54]. Basic MVMs contain both vitamins and minerals, most in amounts that do not exceed the DVs. Mishra S, Stierman B, Gahche JJ, Potischman N. Stierman B, Mishra S, Gahche JJ, Potischman N, Hales CM. The study measured rates of major CVD events, including MI, stroke, and CVD death [27]. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:1259-61. Vitamin D, iron, and zinc are three important ones. Because of limited information on product characteristics, our ability to directly compare results across studies, estimate changes in usage patterns or intakes over time, and generalize . After the investigators followed participants for up to 20 additional years, when participants were no longer taking the study supplement, the use of the MVMs during the RCT did not result in lower rates of total mortality or mortality from any cause of death examined, including cancer, heart disease, and stroke [45]. [, Prentice RL. Ironically, the populations at highest risk of nutritional inadequacy who might benefit the most from MVMs are the least likely to take them [1]. [. Supplement Business Report 2021. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1268-1272. Several studies have found that MVM users tend to have higher micronutrient intakes from their diet alone than nonusers [15]. We encourage you to talk to your health care providers (doctor, registered dietitian, pharmacist, etc.) Participants receiving the supplement did not have significantly fewer cardiovascular events, but this finding should be interpreted with caution because many participants did not take the supplement or placebo as directed, and others withdrew from the study early. [, Sesso HD, Rist PM, Aragaki AK, Rautiainen S, Johnson LG, Friedenberg G, et al. Improve health or prevent chronic disease JAMA 2017;317:183-9. The trials included a total of 15,283 pregnant adolescents and young adults from low- or middle-income countries in Africa and Asia. Product Presentation. One way to group them is as follows (Table 1): An additional complication for this product category is that many dietary supplements are not labeled as MVMs even though they contain a variety of vitamins and minerals [1]. Telecommunications relay service (TRS): 7-1-1, Email: info@nccih.nih.gov (link sends email). Read the label of any multivitamin product you take to make sure you are aware of what it contains. [, Cowan AE, Jun S, Gahche JJ, Tooze JA, Dwyer JT, Eicher-Miller HA, et al. National Institutes of Health. The DGA also recommends obtaining recommended amounts of vitamin B12 primarily from fortified foods or dietary supplements, but only for people ages 60 and older. However, few randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have been conducted because these studies need to be long enough to show effects on disease risk that go beyond simply identifying intermediate biomarkers that might suggest such risk. [, Chan ALF, Leung HWC, Wang S-F. Multivitamin supplement use and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis. . Vitamin and mineral supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Taking a basic MVM that provides nutrients in amounts that are approximately the same as recommended intakes should be safe for healthy people. A lack of these vitamins and minerals typically impairs blood health and the conversion of macronutrients into usable energy (i.e., ATP). Secondary metabolites. The. This fact sheet by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) provides information that should not take the place of medical advice. Vitamin C is responsible for synthesizing collagen and is necessary for proper wound healing.6 Vitamin C is also secreted in breast milk thus, a higher dietary intake is recommended for lactating women to make up for this loss. Multivitamins, vision are an over-the-counter (OTC) product used to reduce the risk of vision loss among moderate to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients and as an ocular (eye) vitamin supplement. Taking a daily dose of a basic MVM is unlikely to pose a health risk for most people. The studies included a total of 2,019,862 participants with a mean age of 57.8 years and had a mean duration of 11.6 years. [, Kim J, Choi J, Kwon SY, McEvoy JW, Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS, et al. What is a multivitamin? Vitamin (Common Names) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) or Daily Adequate Intake (AI)*. In Canada, almost all prenatal MVM supplements provide 1,000 mcg/day of folic acid. Iron supplements may be recommended for women of childbearing age, pregnant women, preterm infants, older infants, and teenage girls because they are at greater risk of developing deficiency. Investigators who followed a multiethnic cohort of 182,099 men and women aged 4575 years living in Hawaii and California for an average 11 years found similar results [36]. When taken as directed, multivitamins and minerals are not expected to cause serious side effects. [. Institute of Medicine], Food and Nutrition Board. [, Bird JK, Murphy RA, Ciappio ED, McBurney MI. Hypersegmented Neutrophils. Overall, MVMs do not appear to reliably reduce the risk of chronic diseases when people choose to take these products for up to a decade (or more) or when studies randomize people to take them as part of a clinical trial. These stacks can either be a mix within the same type of nootropics, such as a mixture of racetams or between different types, such as mixing choline with ampakines. MVMs can also increase the likelihood that users will have intakes of some nutrients that are higher than the ULs [14]. Studies on the association between MVM use and cancer-related deaths include one that followed 7,728 women in the Women's Health Initiative who had invasive breast cancer for an average of 7.1 years after their diagnosis [22]. Dietary vitamins and minerals play ubiquitous roles throughout the human body by serving as veritable "helping hands" (e.g. Generic Name: Multivitamins, Vision. Manufacturers sometimes offer these MVMs in packs of two or more pills for users to take daily. [, Rautiainen S, Rist PM, Glynn RJ, Buring JE, Gaziano JM,Sesso HD. Men. The DGA adds that the use of some medications (such as proton pump inhibitors) can decrease absorption of vitamin B12 in foods [54]. USES: This medication is a multivitamin product used to treat or prevent vitamin deficiency due to poor diet, certain illnesses, or during pregnancy. Even after using MVs and MVMs daily for at least 10 years, the women had the same risk of breast cancer as the nonusers. The use of MVMs resulted in lower odds of low birth weight (less than 2,500 g) by 12%, birth at a smaller size than normal for gestational age by 8%, and premature births (before week 37 of pregnancy) by 10% than use of supplements containing iron with or without folic acid alone or placebo. Nutrients 2017; 9: 655. Females (36%) were more likely to take one than males (31%). ** These MVMs might also include other nutrients and botanical ingredients. Target Actions . The NCCIH Clearinghouse provides information onNCCIHand complementary and integrative health approaches, including publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. Read the Nutrition Facts label on packaged foods or the Supplement Facts label of MVMs to see if the level far exceeds 100% DV. Dark stools. Common side effects may include: upset stomach; Depending on their formulations, MVMs can help individuals obtain adequate amounts of these nutrients, except for potassium (because MVMs contain only very small amounts of this mineral) and dietary fiber. The DGA, noting the difficulty of obtaining sufficient vitamin D from foods, advises that young children might need to continue taking a vitamin D supplement after age 12 months [54]. Read the Supplement Facts label to identify MVMs in your supplement product. MVM supplementation did not reduce total invasive cancers, although it lowered the incidence of lung cancer by 38%, and it did not reduce any cardiovascular events (such as heart attacks or strokes), death from CVD, or all-cause mortality. A review of 16 RCTs of MVs and MVMs (containing more than four nutrients including, in most cases, at least one mineral) in 1,719 participants who had at least one of six types of psychiatric symptoms (depression, post-disaster stress, antisocial behavior, behavioral deficits in dementia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or autism) found that the supplements provided no clear reduction in symptoms [47]. Check with your physician for additional information about side effects. Honey has a low glycemic index, loaded with polyphenols, enzymes, minerals, and vitamins. Therapeutic Vitamins/Minerals Capsule - Uses, Side Effects, and More Generic Name(S): multivitamin with min no.7-FA, multivitamin,tx-minerals View Free Coupon Vitamins and minerals are essential substances that our bodies need to develop and function normally. The FNB and DGA agree that fully and partially breastfed infants should receive a supplement containing approximately 400 IU (10 mcg)/day vitamin D beginning in the first week of life [54,59]. 1 Supplement use is typically a safe and effective method of maintaining a healthy body . Nutrients 2018, 10, 248. Excess nutrient intakes are even more likely among MVM users who also take single vitamin and mineral supplements [15]. The mineral fluoride not only helps bone formation but also keeps dental cavities from starting or worsening. People with healthier diets and lifestyles are more likely to take dietary supplements, making it hard to identify any benefits from their use. The MVM also improved memory and executive function. When you combine at least two or more of these brain-enhancing formulas, what you get is called a stack. The study's goal was to determine whether the supplement reduced the risk of additional cardiovascular events or death [28]. Duplication is encouraged. Shelf Life/Expiry: 1.5 Years or 18 months from the date of manufacturing. The mechanisms of action of bitter melon in the reduction of blood glucose in relation to T2DM and AD. Am J Epidemiol 2011;173:906-14. Choosing whole grain side dishes, cereals, breads and more may lower the risk for heart disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer and improve digestion, too. Participants in these studies used a wide variety of MVMs containing different combinations and amounts of nutrients. Vitamin K. Accessed January 12, 2011. JAMA. Vitamin D production in the skin under the influence of sunlight (UVB) is maximized at levels of sunlight exposure that do not burn the skin. Supplemental vitamins and minerals for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. One team of researchers categorized MVMs more ambiguously as "stress-tab-type," "therapeutic type," and "one-a-day type," so these products probably included MVs as well [8]. Upper Limit. JAMA 2012;308:1751-60. Long-term multivitamin supplementation and cognitive function in men: A randomized trial. One RCT conducted in Linxian, China, randomized 3,318 persons ages 4069 years who had precancerous lesions in the esophagus (a relatively common condition in this population, which had a low dietary intake of several nutrients) to receive a daily MVM containing 14 vitamins and 12 minerals in doses 2 to 3 times recommended amounts or a placebo for 6 years [44]. Introduction. Next: . MVM supplementation did not have a beneficial or harmful effect on risk of stillbirths or of perinatal and neonatal mortality in comparison with iron and folic acid supplementation. The known vitamins include A, C, D, E, and K, and the B vitamins: thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxal (B6), cobalamin (B12), biotin, and folate/folic acid. Multivitamin use and the risk of mortality and cancer incidence: the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Association of multivitamin and mineral supplementation and risk of cardiovascular disease. 8. However, supplement use increased the proportion of pregnant people with some intakes of iron (27.9%) and folic acid (33.4%) above the UL. Common side effects may include: upset stomach . BMJ Open 2020;10:e039119. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:325S-7S. History of changes to this fact sheet, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Strengthening Knowledge and Understanding of Dietary Supplements, Multivitamin/mineral Supplements - Health Professional, My Dietary Supplement and Medicine Record, Analytical Methods and Reference Materials (AMRM), NIH Consortium for Advancing Research on Botanical and Other Natural Products (CARBON) Program, Computer Access to Research on Dietary Supplements (CARDS) Database, Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID), ODS Funding of Grants & Administrative Supplements: FAQ, Administrative Supplements for Validation Studies of Analytical Methods, Staff Bios, Publications, and Presentations, Federal Working Group on Dietary Supplements, NIH Dietary Supplement Research Coordinating Committee, consumer fact sheet on Multivitamin/mineral Supplements, Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements, Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements and Prevention of Chronic Disease, Dietary supplement use among adults: United States, 2017-2018, How to prevent cancer: 10 recommendations, Multivitamins do not promote cardiovascular health, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025, WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience, Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Know the Science: 9 Questions To Help You Make Sense of Health Research. Nutri-Vet has provided us with their Multi-Vite Paw-Gel for cats that is the best overall supplement available. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1492-8. The micronutrient combination tested had a comparable efficacy to insulin in facilitating glucose uptake by . The supplements provided no protection from CVD. MMWR 2020;69:1557-62. [, Christen WG, Glynn RJ, Manson JE, MacFadyen J, Bubes V, Schwartz M, et al. The supplement users reported better overall health than the nonusers, but the results showed no differences in various psychological, physical, or functional health outcomes [37]. Although they are all considered micronutrients, vitamins and minerals differ in basic ways. Take this medication by mouth, usually once daily or as directed. When choosing an MVM product, consumers should consider taking a product designed for people of their age, sex, and life stage (e.g., pregnancy). Check Price on Chewy. Many foods also have fiber and other substances that can provide health benefits. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2022;1-12. Taking excess amounts of vitamin A (preformed retinol form, not as beta-carotene) during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risk of birth defects. Mechanism of action Discussing possible mechanisms of action behind these findings, the authors note a previous study reporting that appropriate consumption of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 was strongly correlated with superior cognitive reserve, which may be attributable to reduced hypermethylation of redox-related genes and reduced . Taking an MVM increases nutrient intakes and helps people obtain recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals when they do not meet these needs from food alone [9,12]. Some electrolytes and water non-soluble vitamins require an active uptake mechanism. View in Scopus Google . Adding omega-3 fatty acids, lutein and zeaxanthin, or both to the AREDS formulation did not further reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD. August 25, 2022 . [, Biesalski HK, Tinz J. Multivitamin/mineral supplements: Rationale and safety. Approximately 48% of the men and 52% of the women in this study reported taking an MV or MVM. Over an average follow-up period of 6.3 years, the supplements significantly reduced the risk of progression from intermediate to advanced AMD by 28% and reduced rates of loss of visual acuity by 27%. One RCT randomized 1,708 participants aged 50 years and older who had had an MI at least 6 weeks earlier to take a daily MVM containing 27 nutrients (many in doses higher than recommended amounts) for a median of 31 months (range 13 to 60 months) or a placebo as well as their standard medications. A number of minerals are essential for health: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, sulfur, cobalt, copper, fluoride, manganese, and selenium. Eye floaters are small, semi-transparent specks or cobweb-like substances that appear to float in the eye's vitreous humor, which is the clear, gel-like fluid that fills . However, no two RCTs have used MVMs with the same combinations and amounts of nutrients. Men and women who reported taking more than one MV or MVM daily at the beginning of the study had an 18% lower risk of developing colon cancer than nonusers. Brand Name: Generic Name: 32 Multivitamins & Multiminerals Dosage form: Tablet Indications: For the prevention and treatment of vitamins & mineral deficiencies as a complete daily nutritional supplement. Multivitamin/mineral supplements (MVM) are widely used in many populations. [, Rock CL. Rosenberg IH. They have examined associations between MVM use and overall cancer risk or risk of various types of cancer (including breast, prostate, and colon cancer) as well as associations with cancer-related death. Cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) This is a fact sheet intended for health professionals. JAMA Network open 2019;2(6):e195967. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Multivitamin-mineral use is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease mortality among women in the United States. However, the study showed that beta-carotene was not a required ingredient; the original AREDS formulation without beta-carotene provided the same protective effect on reducing the risk of advanced AMD as the AREDS2 formulation. Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents. Others However, use of MVs or MVMs conferred no protection among participants consuming less than two alcoholic beverages per day, whereas use among those consuming more was associated with a 29% lower risk of colon cancer mortality. This study prospectively followed 18,530 male physicians aged 40 years and older, of whom 20% reported taking an MV or MVM for an average of 12.2 years [24]. Vitamins and minerals serve crucial functions in almost all bodily processes and must be obtained from foods or supplements, as our bodies are unable to make them. The investigators calculated nutrient intakes from participants' diets using a food frequency questionnaire and from MVMs (taken by 23%) using the nutrient composition of two commonly used MVMs. In another RCT of 18,314, smokers, former smokers, and asbestos-exposed persons, participants who took a combination of 30 mg/day of beta-carotene plus 25,000 IU/day of vitamin A (as retinol) had a 28% higher lung cancer risk than those taking a placebo after an average 4-year follow-up period [65]. For more information about building a healthy dietary pattern refer to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's MyPlate. MVM supplementation resulted in 13% lower odds of low birth weight, 12% lower odds of preterm birth, and 14% lower odds of small size for gestational age than iron and folic acid supplementation alone. Another team defined MVMs as "full-spectrum" products providing all 12 vitamins plus 10 minerals [9]. Women who took more than one MV or MVM daily had a 53% higher risk of oropharyngeal cancer but a 35% lower risk of leukemia. NCCIH has provided this material for your information. Mechanism. Effects of multivitamin supplement on cataract and age-related macular degeneration in a randomized trial of male physicians. Pharmacodynamics. JAMA 2012;308:1871-80. Multivitamin(tress-600 and Thera-Tabs) generic is an essential nutrient, prescribed for patients with vitamin deficiency. Mechanism of action of Multivitamin Related doctor hospitals Pharmacy health centres, online consultation, second opinion for Multivitamin Mechanism of action of Multivitamin Published at: 14/11/2016 Office of Dietary Supplements. Some studies have suggested potential health benefits or harms from the use of MVMs, but others have found none. Effects of cocoa extract and a multivitamin on cognitive function: A randomized clinical trial. Homeostatic regulation of Blood Pressure by a negative feedback system Positive Feedback Mechanisms In positive feedback mechanisms, the result or . [, US Preventive Services Task Force. For example, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, in an evidence-based review of the role of MVMs in chronic disease prevention, defined MVMs as products containing at least three vitamins and minerals in amounts below the UL but no herbs, hormones, or drugs [7]. [, Bailey RL, Fakhouri TH, Park Y, Dwyer JT, Thomas PR, Gahche JJ, et al. The DGA does not mention MVMs, but it does recommend that Americans choose healthy, nutrient-dense food and beverages. For a reader-friendly overview of Multivitamin/mineral Supplements, see our consumer fact sheet on Multivitamin/mineral Supplements. MVMs for "senior" men and women, for example, often contain little or no iron and more calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 than MVMs for younger adults [69]. Excess intakes can also be a concern for people taking MVMs that contain some vitamins or minerals in amounts approaching or exceeding the UL. However, some people who dont get enough vitamins and minerals from food alone, or who have certain medical conditions, might benefit from taking one or more of these nutrients found in single-nutrient supplements or in MVMs. Self-reported health without clinically measurable benefits among adult users of multivitamin and multimineral supplements: A cross-sectional study. Some MVMs contain amounts of some vitamins and minerals that are substantially higher than the DV, RDA, AI, or even, in some cases, the established Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). The model comprises an oxygenation that is coupled to carbon-carbon bond . Gestational folate and folic acid intake among women in Canada at higher risk of pre-eclampsia. The American Academy of Pediatrics adds that all non-breastfed infants ingesting less than 1,000 mL/day of vitamin Dfortified formula or milk should receive a supplement containing 400 IU (10 mcg)/day vitamin D [58]. Am J Clin Nutr 2007:85:318S-22S. [, Hercberg S, Galan P, Preziosi P, Bertrais S, Mennen L, Malvy D, et al. [, Bailey RL, Pac SG, Fulgoni III VL, Reidy KC, Catalano PM. Minerals (especially taken in large doses) can cause side effects such as tooth staining, increased urination, stomach bleeding, uneven heart rate, confusion, and muscle weakness or limp feeling. It is water-soluble. People take MVMs for various reasons. Yet, iron supplements are a leading cause of poisoning in young children, so parents and guardians should keep iron-containing supplements out of the reach ofchildren. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1150-5. Health care providers sometimes prescribe MVMs for people who have medical conditions and diseases that impair digestion, absorption, or use of nutrients. Multivitamin-multimineral supplements: who uses them? The FNB notes that RDAs and AIs for nutrients are levels of intake to ingest, on average, each day from the diet [6]. MVMssuch as those for energy, enhanced athletic performance, weight control, improved immune function, or eye healthoften combine several vitamins and minerals with botanical and specialty ingredients, such as coenzyme Q10, probiotics, or glucosamine. [, Rose EG, Murphy MSQ, Erwin E, Muldoon KA, Harvey ALJ, White RR, et al. Mechanism of Action. J Nutr, 2021. Published online ahead of print. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010. [, Lamas GA, Boineau R, Goertz C, Mark DB, Rosenberg Y, Stylianou M, et al. Prevalence of dietary supplement use in US children and adolescents, 2003-2014. Vitamin B5. Many of these products contain numerous ingredients in varied combinations and amounts. Some published reports of studies of dietary supplements use the generic term "multivitamins" to include products with and without minerals. Pregnancy and birth outcomes The Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals to practitioners. NCCIH and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) provide tools to help you understand the basics and terminology of scientific research so you can make well-informed decisions about your health. The study randomly assigned 14,641 male physicians in the United States aged 50 and older to take a daily MVM (Centrum Silver) or placebo for a median of 11.2 years. However, one study in this meta-analysis found a 19% higher risk of breast cancer in 25.5% of 35,329 Swedish women who reported taking an MV or MVM (in most cases nutrients in amounts close to RDA levels) than in women who did not take these supplements over an average of 9.5 years [21]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 3. Multivitamin and mineral use and breast cancer mortality in older women with invasive breast cancer in the women's health initiative. Explore the pages linked above to learn about: What vitamin D, iron, and zinc do. [, Keats EC, Haider BA, Tam E, Bhutta ZA. Composition of Product: Lycopene + Multivitamins+ Multi minerals. The evolving role of multivitamin/multimineral supplement use among adults in the age of personalized nutrition. Any mention in this publication of a specific product or service, or recommendation from an organization or professional society, does not represent an endorsement by ODS of that product, service, or expert advice. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:257S-264S. A cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of 1,003 pregnant U.S. people aged 20 to 40 years from the 20012014 NHANES found that many consumed less than recommended amounts of many nutrients from diet alone [17]. Inflammation comes from the Latin word inflammare, which means "to set on fire.". 1. However, individuals who take MVMs and other supplements and who consume fortified foods and beverages might obtain some nutrients in amounts exceeding the UL, increasing the possibility of adverse effects [62]. Homocysteine to methionine. Various government surveys of dietary supplements and popular food-frequency questionnaires also define MVs and MVMs differently, include different examples, or ask about different products. Essential for the formation of fibrin, the . The prenatal supplement with BOTH DHA & EPA to help in baby's brain development. Boulder, CO: New Hope Network, 2021. MVM supplementation modestly but significantly reduced users' risk of developing cancer by 8% but did not reduce the risk of any type of cancer (e.g., of the prostate or colon) or overall cancer mortality [39]. Ann Intern Med 2013;159:806-14. [, O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I, Rushkin MC, Thomas RG, Martin A, Lin JS. Whether you are stacking different types of natural nootropics, synthetic . In the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), investigators randomized 4,757 individuals aged 5580 years who had varying degrees of AMD, cataract, or both conditions to receive a placebo or a daily supplement containing high doses of vitamin C (500 mg), vitamin E (400 IU), beta-carotene (15 mg), zinc (80 mg), and copper (2 mg) [30,31]. Abstract Replacement of natural protein intake, low total antioxidant status (TAS) and DNA oxidation and high phenylalanine (Phe) blood levels are . Here are some of the key benefits of consuming red cabbage: Rich in nutrients: Red cabbage is a good source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin K, vitamin A, potassium, calcium, and iron. A similar meta-analysis of 13 RCTs investigated whether use by pregnant adolescents and young adults aged 10-19 years of an MVM (containing multiple nutrients) led to better birth outcomes than supplementation with only iron and folic acid [34]. For more information on safe upper levels of nutrients, visit the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements at: Smokers, and possibly former smokers, should avoid MVM products that provide more than 100% DV for vitamin A (either as preformed retinol or beta-carotene or some combination of the two) because two studies have linked high supplemental doses of these nutrients with an increased risk of lung cancer insmokers. . It is reasonably priced, and there's enough product to last a single cat about a month. [, Jacobs EA, Connell CJ, Patel AV, Chao A, Rodriguez C, Seymour J, et al. When injected intravenously, it will increase circulating plasma volume by approximately 3 times the volume infused within 15 minutes if the client is well hydrated. During the study, 4,517 died of colon cancer. If you have questions about affording vitamin supplements, contact CF Foundation Compass by calling 844-COMPASS, Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. until 7 p.m. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:308S-13S. Theres no convincing evidence that MVMs help prevent chronicdisease. Join the ODS Email List. Your child needs a variety of vitamins and minerals to grow healthy and strong. Multivitamins with iron are used to provide vitamins and iron that are not taken in through the diet. JAMA 2022;327:2334-47. [, Johnstone JM, Hughes A, Goldenberg JZ, Romijn AR, Rucklidge JJ. Neither baseline use nor changes in use of MVMs over time were associated with changes in the long-term risk of major CVD events, MI, stroke, cardiac revascularizations, or death from CVD. Many multivitamin products also contain minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc. [, Paranjpe MD, Chin AC, Paranjpe I, Reid NJ, Duy PQ, Wang JK, et al.