[37] They were led by Hjalmar Andersen who won three gold medals in four events in the speed skating competition. store, newsletter They started by randomly testing athletes at the 1968 Winter Olympics. New world records were set in speed skating largely due to the introduction of the clap skate. Sun-Yu Jin won three gold medals while her teammate Hyun-Soo Ahn won three gold medals and a bronze. [127] (In opposite to the Summer games where sailing and horse sports have taken place more than 1000 km away) The requirement for a mountain location also means that venues such as hockey arenas often have to be built in sparsely populated areas with little future need for a large arena and for the hotels and infrastructure needed for all olympic visitors. [7] Four figure skating events were contested, at which Ulrich Salchow (10-time world champion) and Madge Syers won the individual titles. The IOC even promotes the concept of the Olympic truce in its charter, a policy which was observed during the ancient Olympics. [138], The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi's Russian Doping Scandal has resulted in the International Olympic Committee to begin disciplinary proceedings against 28 (later increased to 46) Russian athletes who competed at the 2014 Winter Games in Sochi, Russia, acting on evidence that their urine samples were tampered with. [14] Athletes from Finland and Norway won 28 medals, more than the rest of the participating nations combined. The table below uses official data provided by the IOC. Gillis Grafström of Sweden defended his 1920 gold medal[13] in men's figure skating, becoming the first Olympian to win gold medals in both Summer and Winter Olympics. [53] Eventually only Austrian Karl Schranz, who earned more than the other skiers, was excluded from the competition. The original five Winter Olympic sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol,[nb 2] cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating). The following Winter Olympics will be in Italy. The People's Republic of China and Costa Rica both made their Winter Olympic debut. While the official titles of the Summer Games count Olympiads, the titles of the Winter Games only count the Games themselves. [18] Because of the weather the 10,000 metre speed-skating event had to be abandoned and officially cancelled. [76] The women's figure skating competition drew media attention when American skater Nancy Kerrigan was injured on 6 January 1994, in an assault planned by the ex-husband of opponent Tonya Harding. The organisers claimed that this was necessary to accommodate technological advances, however critics disputed this, alleging that the layout would incorporate the best possible venues for television broadcasts at the athletes' expense. [105] The Games took place from 7 to 23 February 2014. They started a bit later than the summer games, as the first winter games were held in 1926 in Chamonix, France, but the reputation they have built over each Olympic year has made the Winter Games stand out on its own in comparison to its summer counterpart. Salt Lake City, previously a candidate for the 1972 Winter Olympics, then put itself forward, but the IOC opted instead to invite Innsbruck to host the 1976 Games, as most of the infrastructure from the 1964 Games had been maintained. [106] A record 2,800 athletes from 88 countries competed in 98 events. Check out the list of Olympic Games sports, as well as discontinued and demonstration sports. The next Winter Olympics, held in Lake Placid, New York, United States was the first to be hosted outside of Europe. Men's sprint, team sprint, 30 km pursuit, 15 km, 50 km and 4x10 km relay; women's sprint, team sprint, 15 km pursuit, 10 km, 30 km and 4x5 km relay. Due to cost issues, fewer and fewer cities are willing to host. Official Report (1924), p 646: Le Programme ... II. Snow. [145] East Germany declined the invitation and instead sought international legitimacy separate from West Germany. These Games would have coincided with the year of Colorado's centennial and the United States Bicentennial. Switzerland's neutrality had protected the town during World War II, and most of the venues were in place from the 1928 games, which made St. Moritz a logical choice. Cyprus made their Olympic debut at the games. Those Olympics have been postponed until next year. [86] These Games were the first to take place since the September 11 attacks of 2001, which meant a higher degree of security to avoid a terrorist attack. East German Christa Rothenburger won the women's 1,000 metre speed skating event. [63] Hanni Wenzel won both the slalom and giant slalom and her country, Liechtenstein, became the smallest nation to produce an Olympic gold medallist. At the same time, it is a critical stage for Chinese teams and athletes as they move closer to the historic event. The panel said it cut the sanction in part because WADA only ever intended the ban to include one Summer and one Winter Olympics. New terms and age limits were established for IOC membership, and 15 former Olympic athletes were added to the committee. The Court of Arbitration for Sport upheld her suspension but a Swiss court ruled that she could compete for a spot on the 2010 German Olympic team. [39] These were the first Winter Games to be televised, and the first Olympics ever broadcast to an international audience, though no television rights were sold until the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. [44], The IOC awarded the 1960 Olympics to Squaw Valley, United States. It was an undeveloped resort in 1955, so from 1956 to 1960 the infrastructure and all of the venues were built at a cost of US$80,000,000. The addition of these events has broadened the appeal of the Winter Olympics beyond Europe and North America. Following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, here's every city slated to host the future winter and summer games, from Japan to Italy. Where snowboarding, for instance, was once frowned upon at many ski resorts, it’s since become a marquee event at the Winter Olympics. [101] Russia's disappointing performance at Vancouver is cited as the reason behind the enhancement of an already existing doping scheme alleged to have been in operation at major events such as the 2014 Games at Sochi. Russian athletes, who complied with the IOC's doping regulations, were given the option to compete in Pyeongchang as "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR).[109]. [58][59] The IOC responded by offering the Games to Vancouver-Garibaldi, British Columbia, which had previously been an official candidate for the 1976 Games. [24] Sonja Henie defended her Olympic title,[22] and Eddie Eagan of the United States, who had been an Olympic champion in boxing in 1920,[25] won the gold medal in the men's bobsleigh event[26] to join Gillis Grafström as the only athletes to have won gold medals in both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The Winter Olympic Games have evolved since their inception. It was the second time that Italy had hosted the Winter Olympic Games. Bjørn Dæhli of Norway won a medal in four out of five cross-country events, becoming the most decorated Winter Olympian until then. The Olympic Village and Olympic Stadium were located on the Black Sea coast. The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time basis. [83] Bjørn Dæhlie of Norway won three gold medals in Nordic skiing, becoming the most decorated Winter Olympic athlete, with eight gold medals and twelve medals overall. (Four years … [102] The success of Asian countries stood in stark contrast to the under-performing Russian team, with Vancouver marking a high point for medals won by Asian countries. The process for awarding host city honours came under intense scrutiny after Salt Lake City had been awarded the right to host the 2002 Games. P 664: CONCOURS de ski - Jurys - Course militaire Military Patrol at the Winter. 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