It was on Leuke, in one version of his legend, that the hero Achilles, in a hilly tumulus, was buried (which is erroneously connected to the modern town of Kiliya, at the Danube delta). Not much is known about his role in the Great War. In Greek mythology, this world-ocean was personified as a Titan, the eldest son of Uranus and Gaea. Long before the Olympian gods ruled ancient Greece the creation of the universe took place. [51], Although sometimes treated as a person (such as Oceanus visiting Prometheus in Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound, see above) Oceanus is more usually considered to be a place,[52] that is, as the great world-encircling river. Gantz, pp. Oceanus The TItan God Of The Ocean - (Greek Mythology Explained) - YouTube. Thus, the sun rises from the deep-flowing Oceanus in the east and at the end of the day sinks back into the Oceanus in the west. Another version has it that he was one of the twelve Titans, thus a son of Gaea and Uranus. In Homers Iliad, Oceanus is referred to as ”the great Sea God who encircles the world”. [42], Oceanus seemingly also did not join the Titans in the Titanomachy, the great war between the Cronus and his fellow Titans, and Zeus and his fellow Olympians, for control of the cosmos; and following the war, although Cronus and the other Titans were imprisoned, Oceanus certainly seems to have remained free. 195.) [78] Oceanus appears near the end of a long procession of gods and goddesses arriving at the palace of Peleus for the wedding. In fact, the English word, Ocean, is derived from … It was the source of all of the earth's fresh-water--from the rivers and springs which drew their waters from it through subterranean aquifers to the clouds which dipped below the horizon to collect their moisture from its stream. "ocean") was believed to be the world-ocean, which the ancient Romans and Greeks considered to be an enormous river encircling the world. Oceanus was married to his sister, Tethys, with whom he had numerous children, called Oceanids. [83] Oceanus stands half nude, facing right, battling a giant falling to the right. [61], Both Hesiod and Homer locate Oceanus at the ends of the earth, near Tartarus, in the Theogony,[62] or near Elysium, in the Iliad,[63] and in the Odyssey, has to be crossed in order to reach the "dank house of Hades". [5] Oceanus married his sister Tethys, and was by her the father of numerous sons, the river gods and numerous daughters, the Oceanids. Some believe that Oceanus originally represented all bodies of salt water, including the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, the two largest bodies known to the ancient Greeks. He was one of the eldest Titans along with Tethys, Kronos, Rhea, Theia, Hyperion, Themis, Krios, Mnemosyne, Koios, Phoibe, and Iapetos. The ancient Greeks viewed Oceanus as a kind and benevolent deity, and he was generally represented as an older male with a flowing beard that symbolized his fatherly authority. Oceanus was the eldest of the Titan offspring of Uranus (Sky) and Gaia (Earth). [35] In his Cratylus, Plato quotes Orpheus as saying that Oceanus and Tethys were "the first to marry", possibly also reflecting an Orphic theogony in which Oceanus and Tethys, rather than Uranus and Gaia, were the primeval parents. The ancient Greeks recounted many legends about the earliest rulers of the Earth, a number of gigantic proto-gods called “Titans”. Oceanus was an ancient Greek god. The ancient Greeks believed Oceanus, one of the Titans, exercised control over the world’s first oceans and waterways. 135 Kern. [citation needed] However, as geography became more accurate, Oceanus came to represent the stranger, more unknown waters of the Atlantic Ocean (also called the "Ocean Sea"), while the newcomer of a later generation, Poseidon, ruled over the Mediterranean Sea. The primal gods of the sky and the earth, Uranus and Gaea, had 12 Titan children – the Elder gods. Oceanus: GreekMythology.com - Jan 27, 2021, Greek Mythology iOS Volume Purchase Program VPP for Education App. [6], According to Hesiod, there were three thousand (i.e. Oceanus was a Titan, which means he was of the old generation of gods that reigned before Zeus, and was the first born son of Uranus and Gaea who represented the sky and the earth, respectively. [75] In any case, Oceanus can also to be identified with the sea.[76]. [23], Passages in a section of the Iliad called the Deception of Zeus, suggest the possibility that Homer knew a tradition in which Oceanus and Tethys (rather than Uranus and Gaia, as in Hesiod) were the primeval parents of the gods. [53] Twice Hesiod calls Oceanus "the perfect river" (τελήεντος ποταμοῖο),[54] and Homer refers to the "stream of the river Oceanus" (ποταμοῖο λίπεν ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο). [34], Plato, in his Timaeus, provides a genealogy (probably Orphic) which perhaps reflected an attempt to reconcile this apparent divergence between Homer and Hesiod, in which Uranus and Gaia are the parents of Oceanus and Tethys, and Oceanus and Tethys are the parents of Cronus and Rhea and the other Titans, as well as Phorcys. It might seem strange for the children of Oceanus to be associated with fresh-water, but in Greek mythology, it was assumed that Oceanus was the god of a great earth encircling fresh water river. At Dodona she was worshipped in Hera's place as the wife of Zeus. [20], According to Epimenides' Theogony, Oceanus was the father, by Gaia, of the Harpies. xiv. [41] Proclus, in his commentary on Plato's Timaeus, quotes several lines of a poem (probably Orphic) which has an angry Oceanus brooding aloud as to whether he should join Cronus and the other Titans in the attack on Uranus. [70] According to later sources, after setting, Helios sails back along Oceanus during the night from west to east. In Greek mythology, Oceanus was the Titan son of Uranus and Gaia, the husband of his sister the Titan Tethys, and the father of the river gods and the Oceanids, as well as being the great river which encircled the entire world. Oceanus follows a chariot driven by Athena and containing Artemis. Oceanus has bull horns, holds a snake in his left hand and a fish in his right, and has the body of a fish from the waist down. [58] Homer says that Oceanus "bounds the Earth",[59] and Oceanus was depicted on the shield of Achilles, encircling its rim,[60] and so also on the shield of Heracles. [43] In Hesiod, Oceanus sends his daughter Styx, with her children Zelus (Envy), Nike (Victory), Cratos (Power), and Bia (Force), to fight on Zeus' side against the Titans,[44] And in the Iliad, Hera says that during the war she was sent to Oceanus and Tethys for safekeeping. This parentage made the Oceanids sisters to the 3,000 Potamoi, the river gods of Greek mythology. In the Homeric poems he appears as a mighty god, who yields to none save Zeus. 117–118; Fowler 2013. innumerable) river gods. [45], Sometime after the war, Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound, has Oceanus visit his nephew the enchained Prometheus, who is being punished by Zeus for his theft of fire. Oceanus was an ancient Greek god. There is a key difference between Poseidon and Oceanus. of Ὠκεανίς, Ōkeanis) are the nymphs who were the three thousand (a number interpreted as meaning "innumerable") daughters of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys. [93] However, according to West, no "very convincing" foreign models have been found. And, according to Proclus, Oceanus did not in fact take part in the attack. 7, xxi. [30] Twice Homer has Hera describe the pair as "Oceanus, from whom the gods are sprung, and mother Tethys". [48] But Prometheus mocks Oceanus, asking him: "How did you summon courage to quit the stream that bears your name and the rock-roofed caves you yourself have made"[49] Oceanus advises Prometheus to humble himself before the new ruler Zeus, and so avoid making his situation any worse. First Known Use of Oceanus 1567, in the meaning defined above History and Etymology for Oceanus Latin Ōceanus, borrowed from Greek Ōkeanós, personification of Ōkeanós "the sea flowing around the … Oceanus god of all the earth's fresh-water: including rivers, wells, springs and rain-clouds. He was born out Gaea, the Mother Earth, and Uranus, the Ruler of the heaven, when Uranus watered Gaea with divine rain. Another version has it that he was one of the twelve Titans, thus a son of Gaea and Uranus. According to one version, he was born by the union of the primal gods Chaos and Gaea, sanctified by god Eros. "[32] However, as Timothy Gantz points out, "mother" could simply refer to the fact that Tethys was Hera's foster mother for a time, as Hera tells us in the lines immediately following, while the reference to Oceanus as the genesis of the gods "might be simply a formulaic epithet indicating the numberless rivers and springs descended from Okeanos" (compare with Iliad 21.195–197). Greek text available at Perseus Digital Library, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Livio Catullo Stecchini, "Ancient Cosmology", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oceanus&oldid=995794154, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Williams, Dyfri, "Sophilos in the British Museum" in, This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 22:47. [39], When Cronus, the youngest of the Titans, overthrew his father Uranus, thereby becoming the ruler of the cosmos, according to Hesiod, none of the other Titans participated in the attack on Uranus. Here are the details of his story: Divine Representation of the Sea. He is closely followed by Tethys and Eileithyia, with Hephaestus following on his mule ending the procession. Many early works of art depict him as somewhat resembling a … "[50], According to Pherecydes, while Heracles was travelling in Helios's golden cup, on his way to Erytheia to fetch the cattle of Geryon, Oceanus challenged Heracles by sending high waves rocking the cup, but Heracles threatened to shoot Oceanus with his bow, and Oceanus in fear stopped. He is the Titan of the sea and all water boundaries. Oceanus was the perfect river and the ruler of the waters and the seas. Beyond it, to the west, were the sunless land of the Cimmerii, the country of dreams, and the entrance to the underworld. In Greek mythology the River Oceanus was a great, fresh-water stream which encircled the flat disc of the earth. [71], Just as Oceanus the god was the father of the river gods, Oceanus the river was said to be the source of all other rivers, and in fact all sources of water, both salt and fresh. Check out everything about this Ancient God below. But Prometheus replies: "I envy you because you have escaped blame for having dared to share with me in my troubles. Unfortunately, Oceanus did not grow up inside a big, happy family. The Oceanids were the 3,000 daughters of Oceanus, the Titan god of the earth encircling river, and his wife, the Titanide Tethys. Online version at the Topos Text Project. What are synonyms for Oceanus? [90], Hecataeus of Abdera also refers to a holy island, sacred to the Pelasgian (and later, Greek) Apollo, situated in the westernmost part of the Okeanós Potamós, and called in different times Leuke or Leukos, Alba, Fidonisi or Isle of Snakes. The Titan god Oceanus Oceanus came from the generation preceding that of Zeus, for Oceanus was a Titan god, the son of Ouranos (Sky) and Gaia (Earth). Herodotus was skeptical about the physical existence of Oceanus and rejected the reasoning—proposed by some of his coevals—according to which the uncommon phenomenon of the summerly Nile flood was caused by the river's connection to the mighty Oceanus. Its name is drawn from Greek mythology. [73] Being the source of rivers and springs would seem logically to require that Oceanus was himself a freshwater river, and so different from the salt sea, and in fact Hesiod seems to distinguish between Oceanus and Pontus, the personification of the sea. Oceanus was married to his sister, Tethys, with whom he had numerous children, called Oceanids. [11], According to Hesiod, there were also three thousand Oceanids. The ship was designed by John W. Gilbert Associates of Boston and constructed by Peterson Builders of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. Oceanus was an ancient Greek god. Oceanus is depicted (labeled) as one of the gods fighting the Giants in the Gigantomachy frieze of the second century BC Pergamon Altar. These were the lesser gods and goddesses of the rivers, the sea, and the springs. Oceanus was the [36] Plato's apparent inclusion of Phorcys as a Titan (being the brother of Cronus and Rhea), and the mythographer Apollodorus's inclusion of Dione, the mother of Aphrodite by Zeus, as a thirteenth Titan,[37] suggests an Orphic tradition in which the Titan offspring of Oceanus and Tethys consisted of Hesiod's twelve Titans, with Phorcys and Dione taking the place of Oceanus and Tethys. 12, 28; West 1983, p. 130; Orphic fr. For example, in Hesiod Nereus and Thaumus, both sons of Pontus, marry daughters of Oceanus, and in Homer (who makes no mention of Pontus), Thetis, the daughter of Nereus, and Eurynome the daughter of Oceanus, live together. [55] Both Hesiod and Homer call Oceanus "backflowing" (ἀψορρόου), since, as the great stream encircles the earth, it flows back into itself. The couple was not involved in the Titanomachy against Zeus, so the latter let them continue their reign in their watery kingdom. Although little remains of Oceanus, he was apparently shown here with a bull's head. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. [4] Hesiod lists his Titan siblings as Coeus, Crius, Hyperion, Iapetus, Theia, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, Tethys, and Cronus. 245, xx. Strictly speaking, Oceanus was the ocean-stream at the Equator in which floated the habitable hemisphere (oikoumene οἰκουμένη). 15. According to the Greek poet Homer, he was the origin of all things and of all deities. Accion ("ocean"), in the fourth century AD Gaulish Latin of Avienus' Ora maritima, was applied to great lakes. [72] According to Homer, from Oceanus "all rivers flow and every sea, and all the springs and deep wells". Oceanus was one of the major water gods of Greek mythology. [12] These included: Metis, Zeus' first wife, whom Zeus impregnated with Athena and then swallowed;[13] Eurynome, Zeus' third wife, and mother of the Charites;[14] Doris, the wife of Nereus and mother of the Nereids;[15] Callirhoe, the wife of Chrysaor and mother of Geryon;[16] Clymene, the wife of Iapetus, and mother of Atlas, Menoetius, Prometheus, and Epimetheus;[17] Perseis, wife of Helios and mother of Circe and Aeetes;[18] Idyia, wife of Aeetes and mother of Medea;[19] and Styx, goddess of the river Styx, and the wife of Pallas and mother of Zelus, Nike, Kratos, and Bia. [33] But, in a later Iliad passage, Hypnos also describes Oceanus as "genesis for all", which, according to Gantz, is hard to understand as meaning other than that, for Homer, Oceanus was the father of the Titans. Oceanus' consort is his sister Tethys, and from their union came the ocean nymphs, also referred to as the three-thousand Oceanids, and all the rivers of the world, fountains, and lakes. Apollonius of Rhodes, similarly, calls the lower Danube the Kéras Okeanoío ("Gulf" or "Horn of Oceanus"). Oceanus, one of the TITANS, is sometimes considered to be at the origin of all things. [22] Nonnus, in his poem Dionysiaca, described "the lakes" as "liquid daughters cut off from Oceanos". Synonyms for Oceanus in Free Thesaurus. Typhon). Oceanus is one of the figures of Greek mythology that are associated with the sea and the ocean. [21] Oceanus was also said to be the father, by Gaia, of Triptolemus. Oceanus is represented, identified by inscription, as part of an illustration of the wedding of Peleus and Thetis on the early sixth century BC Attic black-figure "Erskine" dinos by Sophilos (British Museum 1971.111–1.1). Oceanus was transferred to OSU from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in March 2012 to replace its sister ship, R/V Wecoma. The Titan Oceanus, father of the river gods and sea nymphs, was represented as a great stream of … 146–147. Cartographers continued to represent the encircling equatorial stream much as it had appeared on Achilles' shield.[84]. Gantz, pp. Godchecker guide to Oceanus (also known as Okeanos), the Greek God from Greek mythology. Etymology. [92] The use by Pherecydes of Syros of the form "Ogenos" (Ὠγενός) for the name lends support for the name being a loanword. Oceanus was also the god who regulated the rising and setting of the heavenly bodies which were belived to emerge and descend into his watery realm at the ends of the earth. In Greek mythology, this ocean-stream was personified as a Titan, the eldest son of Uranus and Gaia. Family of Oceanus . [citation needed] In Roman mosaics, such as that from Bardo, he might carry a steering-oar and cradle a ship. In Greek mythology this world-ocean was personified as a Titan God, son of Uranus and Gaia. For the NOAA research vessel, see, Ancient Greek god of the earth-encircling river, Oceanos, Although usually, as here, the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, in the. 1 word related to Oceanus: Greek mythology. He was the husband and brother of Tethys and is well known in mythology as the great river that girdles the world. In order to reach the Underworldit is necessary to cross this river: According to one version, he was born by the union of the primal gods Chaos and Gaea, sanctified by god Eros. [74] However elsewhere the distinction between fresh and salt water seems not to apply. [64] And for both Hesiod and Homer, Oceanus seems to have marked a boundary beyond which the cosmos became more fantastical. Also, Oceanus was also against the decision to overthrow Uranus. 11–12; West 1983, pp. Oceanus, in Greek Mythology is Son of Gaia and Uranus (Heaven). Oceanus also appears, as part of a very similar procession of Peleus and Thetis' wedding guests, on another early sixth century BC Attic black-figure pot, the François Vase (Florence 4209). In Hellenistic and Roman mosaics, this Titan was often depicted as having the upper body of a muscular man with a long beard and horns (often represented as the claws of a crab) and the lower body of a serpent (cfr. 1 Attributes 1.1 God Power 1.2 Technologies 1.3 Myth Units 2 Strategy 3 Mythology Carnivora - Summons a Carnivora plant that eats nearby enemy human soldiers or sinks ships (3 uses). In classical antiquity, Oceanus (from Greek: Ὠκεανός, lit. In fact, Oceanus and Tethys were so fertile that the overproduction of the aqueous elements of nature would cause floods; so, they divorced to stop this from happening. [65] The Theogony has such fabulous creatures as the Hesperides, with their golden apples, the three-headed giant Geryon, and the snake-haired Gorgons, all residing "beyond glorious Ocean". Nearby Oceanus are fragments of a figure thought to be Tethys: a part of a chiton below Oceanus' left arm and a hand clutching a large tree branch visible behind Oceanus' head. He was a personification of all salt water of the world, more precisely Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean and … An account of this river belongs to mythical geography, and we shall here confine ourselves to describing the place which Oceanus holds in the ancient cosmogony. In Greek mythology, the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, or, according to another account, of UrInus and Gaia. He is available to worshipers of Gaia and Oranos. For my part I know of no river called Ocean, and I think that Homer, or one of the earlier poets, invented the name, and introduced it into his poetry. Oceanus was an ancient Greek god. [56] Hesiod also calls Oceanus "deep-swirling" (βαθυδίνης),[57] while Homer calls him "deep-flowing" (βαθυρρόου). [citation needed], Oceanus appears in Hellenic cosmography as well as myth. [81] The similarity in the order of the wedding guests on these two vases, as well as on the fragments a second Sophilos vase (Athens Akr 587), suggests the possibility of a literary source.[82]. (Yes, that's right; she married her brother.) In other tales, Oceanus was portrayed as the 'origin of everything.' By Zeus she was mother of Aphrodite, who was herself called Dione. [86] In the fourth century BC, Hecataeus of Abdera writes that the Oceanus of the Hyperboreans is neither the Arctic nor Western Ocean, but the sea located to the north of the ancient Greek world, namely the Black Sea, called "the most admirable of all seas" by Herodotus,[87] labelled the "immense sea" by Pomponius Mela[88] and by Dionysius Periegetes,[89] and which is named Mare majus on medieval geographic maps. Oceanus was a powerful god of the Greek pantheon, and from him, ultimately, all of the world’s freshwater was said to arise. In Greek mythology, Oceanus (/oʊˈsiː.ə.nəs/;[1] Greek: Ὠκεανός,[2] also Ὠγενός, Ὤγενος, or Ὠγήν)[3] was the Titan son of Uranus and Gaia, the husband of his sister the Titan Tethys, and the father of the river gods and the Oceanids, as well as being the great river which encircled the entire world. [80] As in Sophilos' dinos, Oceanus appears at the end of the long procession, following after the last chariot, with Hephaestus on his mule bringing up the rear. [38], According to Epimenides, the first two beings, Night and Aer, produced Tartarus, who in turn produced two Titans (possibly Oceanus and Tethys) from whom came the world egg. (Il. [46] Oceanus arrives riding a winged steed,[47] saying that he is sympathetic to Prometheus' plight and wishes to help him if he can. Oceanus, in Greek mythology, the river that flowed around the Earth (conceived as flat), for example, in the shield of Achilles described in Homer’s Iliad, Book XVIII. [citation needed], Late attestations for an equation with the Black Sea abound, the cause being – as it appears – Odysseus' travel to the Cimmerians whose fatherland, lying beyond the Oceanus, is described as a country divested from sunlight. In ancient Greek art, Oceanus was depicted having bull horns and the tail of a serpentine fish instead of legs. Fowler 2013, p. 11; West 1997, pp. Oceanus was the eldest of all Titans. In Greek mythology, the Oceanids or Oceanides (/ oʊˈsiːənɪdz, ˈoʊʃənɪdz /; Ancient Greek: Ὠκεανίδες, Ōkeanides, pl. believe that Oceanus originally represented all bodies of salt water, including the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, the two largest bodies known to the ancient Greeks. [91], According to M. L. West, the etymology of Oceanus is "obscure" and "cannot be explained from Greek". 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Lakes '' as `` liquid daughters cut off from Oceanos '' ( / oʊˈsiːənɪdz, ˈoʊʃənɪdz ;. In Hellenic cosmography as well as myth falling to the Greek poet Homer, Oceanus was in... That girdles the world Titans—except Oceanus—attacked Uranus Titanomachy against Zeus, so the let. The decision to overthrow Uranus Uranus and Gaea, sanctified by god.... The lakes '' as `` liquid daughters cut off from Oceanos '' ] While Homer located exotic! Οἰκουμένη ) river that girdles the world ”, sanctified by god Eros a simple god., there were also three thousand ( i.e other tales, Oceanus from... Bull horns and the springs but Prometheus replies: `` I envy you because you have escaped for. Are the details of his story: Divine Representation of the First Generation and is to! Earth ) sister, Tethys, or, according to one version he. Epimenides ' Theogony, Oceanus is an Atlantean classical Age minor god in Age mythology!