/Annots [84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R >> /ExtGState << 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /XObject << 0 0 0 579 0 533 615 488 459 631 /Resources << endobj /Font << /F7 46 0 R /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 841.92] /StructParents 18 /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 841.92] /F4 38 0 R 396 0 R 397 0 R 398 0 R 399 0 R 400 0 R 401 0 R 402 0 R 403 0 R 404 0 R 405 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 841.92] /F8 47 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Tabs /S /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 189 0 R 95 581 0 R 96 582 0 R 97 582 0 R 98 583 0 R 99 584 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R] /GS7 40 0 R Overview Every year, over 48 million Americans go to bed and awaken hungry. /Widths [226 0 0 0 0 0 682 0 303 303 531 0 335 404 0 0 0 712] /Type /Group /Textbox /Sect /Type /Page /Font << 90 577 0 R 91 578 0 R 92 578 0 R 93 579 0 R 94 580 0 R 695 0 R 696 0 R 697 0 R 510 0 R 511 0 R 698 0 R 515 0 R 699 0 R 520 0 R 700 0 R << >> /F3 37 0 R /ExtGState << endobj /Type /Page >> /GS7 40 0 R /F6 45 0 R /ExtGState << 532 453 483 636 554 881 501 469 463 297 /BaseFont /BCDGEE+Calibri-Light /F4 38 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB /Font << /StructParents 27 656 0 R 282 0 R 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R 286 0 R 287 0 R 288 0 R 289 0 R 290 0 R endobj endobj /Length 3515 endobj /F14 72 0 R /S /Transparency /Image97 77 0 R This study investigates the effects of unemployment on food insecurity based on data collected from 410 randomly selected households in Addis Ababa and the Munessa district of Arsi Zone. << /GS8 41 0 R /Contents 59 0 R >> 50 474 0 R 51 475 0 R 52 476 0 R 53 477 0 R 54 478 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R] Marie Kuczmarski. /StructParents 47 /Image27 49 0 R /Resources << /CS /DeviceRGB /XObject << 25 374 0 R 26 375 0 R 27 [376 0 R 377 0 R 378 0 R 379 0 R 380 0 R 381 0 R 382 0 R 383 0 R 384 0 R 385 0 R /F8 47 0 R /GS7 40 0 R >> 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /ExtGState << /Type /Page 35 416 0 R 36 417 0 R 37 418 0 R 38 419 0 R 39 420 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R /GS7 40 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 841.92] << >> /Type /Page /Type /Page Neil Powe. Children in households with any signs of food insecurity score lower and learn less during the school year. endobj %���� /F7 46 0 R 518 0 R 519 0 R 520 0 R 521 0 R 522 0 R 523 0 R] /Type /StructElem /Group << /Group << 30 414 0 R 31 415 0 R 32 415 0 R 33 415 0 R 34 416 0 R endobj >> 507 507 507 507 507 507 263 263 0 498 >> >> >> /S /Transparency /Metadata 4 0 R /XObject << According to FeedingAmerica, food insecurity impacts around 40 million Americans and 12 million American children. >> /GS7 40 0 R /Type /XObject /F7 46 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] >> But is food insecurity itself a cause of conflict? /F4 38 0 R /ExtGState << 11 [261 0 R 262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R] << Lastly, this report has implications for policymaking. /F8 47 0 R /Image27 49 0 R endobj Marie Kuczmarski. Microsoft® Word pour Microsoft 365Food Security and Nutrition FSN pandemic HLPE High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition CFS Committee on World Food Security COVID-19 impact >> 2007). >> /XObject << endobj >> >> /F14 72 0 R /F10 56 0 R /F3 37 0 R /Type /Group /F6 45 0 R /Image27 49 0 R /Tabs /S /Type /Group /Type /Group /F3 37 0 R /F3 37 0 R $.' /F8 47 0 R /Contents 144 0 R /F6 45 0 R /F1 35 0 R /F7 46 0 R /Slide /Part /F6 45 0 R /S /Transparency • Health Care: Without health insur-ance, malnutrition can create as-tronomical health care bills. /CS /DeviceRGB >> /F7 46 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB In 2015/16 there were just over 917,000 children aged 0–14 years in New Zealand. /Resources << /ExtGState << >> /GS7 40 0 R >> 498 0 R 499 0 R 500 0 R 501 0 R 502 0 R 503 0 R 504 0 R 505 0 R 506 0 R 507 0 R /XObject << /Tabs /S /F1 35 0 R /Width 473 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 >> /Font << /F3 37 0 R >> /LastChar 241 1 in 8 Americans Is Affected by Food Insecurity. /Type /Group /Resources << /Group << >> 0 0 0 0 0 490 0 438 0 498 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Globally, about 840 million people are food insecure and/or are chronically undernourished (FAO, 1996a). << 17 0 obj /XObject << /S /Transparency First, food security has an effect on education and health. /FontDescriptor 724 0 R /ExtGState << /XObject << endobj Neil Powe. >> /GS8 41 0 R /S /Transparency endobj /F8 47 0 R 1998) or the emerging two-tiered food distribution system (Campbell 1990, Davis and Tarasuk 1994). The results demonstrate that children begin to experience the effects of food insecurity even at the most marginal level of household food deprivation. /ExtGState << /Font << endobj 687 0 R 688 0 R 689 0 R 690 0 R 691 0 R 692 0 R 693 0 R 495 0 R 496 0 R 694 0 R /F1 35 0 R /Widths [226 0 0 498 507 0 670 214 299 299 /F3 37 0 R /F8 47 0 R /ExtGState << /XObject << /F4 38 0 R /Parent 2 0 R ",#(7),01444'9=82, Impacts of COVID-19 on food security and nutrition: developing effective policy responses to address the hunger and malnutrition pandemic. /Font << /GS8 41 0 R /F2 36 0 R >> /Type /Page >> /F3 37 0 R 26 0 obj /StructParents 10 >> Since 2014, these numbers have been climbing, rising by 60 million over five years. /CS /DeviceRGB 40 420 0 R 41 421 0 R 42 422 0 R 43 423 0 R 44 423 0 R 80 531 0 R 81 531 0 R 82 532 0 R 83 532 0 R 84 533 0 R /Resources << /F15 104 0 R /ToUnicode 728 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Group << /Keywords (Food Security and Nutrition FSN pandemic HLPE High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition CFS Committee on World Food Security COVID-19 impact) /F4 38 0 R >> 22 0 obj 0 0 0 0 0 0 264 0 0 0 d) Effects in the food access: Climate change can increase the price of the major crops. >> /GS7 40 0 R /Resources << /F1 35 0 R /DisplayDocTitle true endobj /F1 35 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] >> /Annots [50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R] 575 0 R] 291 0 R 292 0 R 657 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R 301 0 R /Lang (en-GB) /CS /DeviceRGB /Name /F3 /ExtGState << /StructParents 21 600 0 R 601 0 R 602 0 R 603 0 R 604 0 R 605 0 R 606 0 R 607 0 R 608 0 R 609 0 R /GS8 41 0 R endobj /Type /Group >> /S /Transparency /GS7 40 0 R << Food insecurity Chronic food insecurity Transitory food insecurity Seasonal food insecurity (Source:FAO,Practical Guides) 7. >> /F1 35 0 R 525 525 349 391 335 525 452 715 433 453 /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 841.92] /StructParents 69 /Type /Group << /Image13 42 0 R 100 584 0 R 101 585 0 R 102 585 0 R 103 586 0 R 104 586 0 R /F4 38 0 R endobj >> /Contents 75 0 R 318 531 532 0 0 0 232 0 527 533 /F6 45 0 R 426 0 R 679 0 R 680 0 R 681 0 R 436 0 R 682 0 R 683 0 R 684 0 R 685 0 R 686 0 R >> /Image27 49 0 R /StructParents 20 >> ... sive chronic kidney disease in an elderly pop- dures. /Contents 44 0 R /F8 47 0 R 48 472 0 R 49 473 0 R >> /F7 46 0 R 406 0 R 407 0 R 408 0 R 409 0 R 410 0 R 411 0 R 412 0 R 413 0 R] 1 In 2014, 17.4 million U.S. households were food insecure at some time during the year. /CS /DeviceRGB Co… >> /F6 45 0 R /Image27 49 0 R /Type /Group /Parent 2 0 R /Image14 43 0 R /F4 38 0 R 19 [321 0 R 322 0 R 323 0 R 324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 330 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /XObject << >> 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R] >> /Parent 2 0 R /F4 38 0 R /Encoding /Identity-H >> /ExtGState << /CS /DeviceRGB >> /Image27 49 0 R /F3 37 0 R >> endobj /F7 46 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R The effects of food insecurity and child hunger are presented in terms of human capital theory, which posits that individuals form ‘human capital’ comprised of employment, earning capacity, and lifetime earnings. What are the Connections Between Food Insecurity and Health? >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] >> 22 … /GS8 41 0 R endobj /Tabs /S /Resources << /Annots [187 0 R 188 0 R] pdf (accessed November 2, 2013). /CS /DeviceRGB /S /Transparency /Image27 49 0 R /Image27 49 0 R << >> 302 0 R 303 0 R 304 0 R 305 0 R 658 0 R 659 0 R 312 0 R 313 0 R 314 0 R 660 0 R << /Resources << /Image27 49 0 R /Image27 49 0 R /S /Transparency >> /XObject << /Header /Sect /F7 46 0 R The change in the global agricultural pattern would alter the balance between food demand and the supply. /F6 45 0 R /DescendantFonts [727 0 R] /Resources << /Type /Pages /Contents 65 0 R /Type /Page stream /MarkInfo << /Image27 49 0 R >> /Font << 11 0 obj /Parent 2 0 R /Image27 49 0 R /GS7 40 0 R /Subtype /Type0 /ModDate (D:20201015194054+02'00') 218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 21 [342 0 R 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R 347 0 R 348 0 R] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] >> step wise regression model to ascertain the real effects of food insecurity on the terms of trade. /F8 47 0 R Michele Evans. >> /Annots [127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R /F7 46 0 R >> >> /GS8 41 0 R The table below depicts responses from household heads reached. Food insecurity is defined as the disruption of food intake or eating patterns because of lack of money and other resources. For example, food-insecure people are more at risk for medical problems, including Type-2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. /Type /Page >> >> /Contents 126 0 R /F7 46 0 R 6 0 obj >> 331 0 R 332 0 R 333 0 R] /S /Transparency Nutritional consequences of insufficient food or undernutrition include protein energy malnutrition, anemia, vitamin A deficiency, iodine deficiency, and iron deficiency. << PDF. 25 0 obj /StructParents 14 456 0 R 457 0 R 458 0 R 459 0 R 460 0 R 461 0 R 462 0 R 463 0 R 464 0 R 465 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 841.92] As development experts learn more about the importance of the first three years of life, there is growing recognition that investments in early education, maternal-child … /Count 24 >> /XObject << School meal programs that provide children with breakfast and/or lunch have helped students in need of assistance, but childhood hunger can increase during the summer months because many school food programs shut down when school is not in … 165 0 R] /Contents 83 0 R /Tabs /S However, as this /StructParents 109 As a result, such effects may significantly decrease the future economic opportunities of low-income black and Latino individuals who experience food insecurity during early childhood, thereby perpetuating the cycle of poverty. Effect of Food Insecurity on Chronic Kidney Disease in Lower-Income Americans. In a 2011 study of Latina women living in an urban setting, those with very low food security were 3.3 times more likely to have Type-2 diabetes regardless of employment status and lifestyle characteristics. /K [33 0 R] /Subtype /TrueType Finally, the way forward in ensuring adequate security of food were critically analysed to include among others: Increasing agricultural production, enhancement of science and technology, facilitating market access, rural off farm opportunities and capacity building << /F14 72 0 R /ExtGState << endobj /StructParents 8 Food insecurity is an issue that no New Zealand family should have to worry about. /F13 71 0 R causes of food insecurity in Southern Africa in order to ensure long-term food security. /Meta74 69 0 R /F8 47 0 R 35 0 obj /GS8 41 0 R /XObject << /Font << >> /Tabs /S 520 520 345 387 329 520 440 699 418 441 42 0 obj /Chart /Sect >> /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 841.92] /CS /DeviceRGB 120 639 0 R 121 639 0 R 122 640 0 R 123 641 0 R 124 642 0 R and food insecurity, and why others did not, has been similarly limited. >> /XObject << /F1 35 0 R /Type /Group /F6 45 0 R /XObject << >> 260 0 R 261 0 R 262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R /Type /Catalog 630 0 R] /S /Transparency /Image27 49 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB 620 0 R 621 0 R 622 0 R 623 0 R 624 0 R 625 0 R 626 0 R 627 0 R 628 0 R 629 0 R /StructTreeRoot 3 0 R /Type /Group /Resources << Second, the developmental effects of food insecurity during the first few years of life may persist well into adulthood. endobj /Image27 49 0 R 9 0 obj << /FontDescriptor 726 0 R >> /F6 45 0 R /F5 39 0 R /Group << 369 0 R 370 0 R 371 0 R 372 0 R] /S /Transparency /F1 35 0 R 386 0 R 387 0 R 388 0 R 389 0 R 390 0 R 391 0 R 392 0 R 393 0 R 394 0 R 395 0 R /F1 35 0 R /BaseFont /BCDFEE+Corbel /ExtGState << /XObject << >> /Parent 2 0 R /XObject << >> /F1 35 0 R /Parent 2 0 R 16 0 obj /Name /F1 /ExtGState << /F16 167 0 R /F8 47 0 R /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB << Poverty, food insecurity, and poor nutrition have serious consequences for the health and well-being of children, adults, and older adults, including a greater risk for chronic disease and poor mental health. /Parent 2 0 R /GS7 40 0 R /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /DescendantFonts [729 0 R] /Resources << /F4 38 0 R /FirstChar 32 /Contents 78 0 R >> >> /F15 104 0 R /BaseFont /BCDHEE+Calibri-Light 45 424 0 R 46 425 0 R 47 [426 0 R 427 0 R 428 0 R 429 0 R 430 0 R 431 0 R 432 0 R 433 0 R 434 0 R 435 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R 661 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 662 0 R 334 0 R The causes of food insecurity common to countries in the developed and developing world include climate change and variability, low income, and income inequality. endobj /CS /DeviceRGB /Type /Font endobj Conditions that are considered signs of food insecurity include: food not lasting, not having money to buy more, not being able to afford balanced meals, and having to skip or cut the size of meals (Statistics Canada, 2020). uuid:0AB45BE8-118E-4B23-A3CC-E3F6A7388AB4uuid:0AB45BE8-118E-4B23-A3CC-E3F6A7388AB4 endobj Food insecurity and malnutrition result in catastrophic amounts of human suffering. /F6 45 0 R >> On the other hand, food insecurity also exerts negati ve impacts on health. /GS7 40 0 R >> /Footer /Sect Such ques- ... 2 Climate Effects on Food Security: An Overview 15 BookID 182985_ChapID 2_Proof# 1 - 10/10/2009 1. 24 0 obj >> /InlineShape /Sect /Parent 2 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /Font << eventually lead to wasting, stunting, and immune de ciency (Schaible and Stef an. /F7 46 0 R INTRODUCTION Despite the existence of federal food aid programs, food insecurity and hunger remain /Type /Page /Annotation /Sect /S /Transparency endobj 351 0 R 352 0 R 353 0 R 354 0 R 355 0 R 356 0 R 357 0 R 358 0 R 359 0 R 665 0 R << endobj /Type /Page 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 << /F4 38 0 R 10 0 obj /Font << /Parent 2 0 R /Type /Font /F1 35 0 R << >> /GS7 40 0 R /F8 47 0 R >> >> The short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are magnifying existing disparities and disproportionately affecting low-income, food-insecure households that already struggle to meet basic needs.