Robed Ku Klux Klan members watch Black demonstrators march through Okolona, Mississippi, in 1978. Van Dorn was relieved of command after the Battle of Corinth in 1862. But though the flag had been adopted by advocates of segregation and white supremacy, many denied that aspect of its meaning and instead insisted it stood for the Southern ideals espoused by the Lost Cause. The "Stars and Bars" flag was only selected by the Congress of March 4, 1861, the day of the deadline. Similarly the patriotic ladies of the South who prepared most of the company and regimental flags for the military units raised in the Southern states chose whatever proportions and sizes seemed aesthetic. In such cases, one of the company flags would be chosen to serve as the regimental flag. The pattern and colors of this flag did not distinguish it sharply fom the Stars and Stripes of the Union. Judging from the $12.00 price that Ruskell later received for a bunting Confederate 1st national that was 6 feet long on the fly, it is thought that the 43 flags that he delivered in July and August were 4 feet on their hoist by 6 feet on their fly with eleven white, 5-pointed stars arranged in a circle or ellipse. [13] The Columbia-based Daily South Carolinian observed that it was essentially a battle flag upon a flag of truce and might send a mixed message. In the early summer of 1861, the army was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) commanded by Gen. R.E. The version produced even today for the Stars and Bars, or First National Confederate, features the original seven star pattern in the blue canton. Within the blue saltire were seven white stars, representing the current seven states of the Confederacy, two on each of the left arms, one of each of the right arms, and one in the middle. The "Sibley Flag", Battle Flag of the Army of New Mexico, commanded by General Henry Hopkins Sibley. This caused major problems at the July 1861 Battle of First Manassas and during other skirmishes as some troops mistakenly fired on their own comrades. Many Confederates disliked the Stars and Bars, seeing it as symbolic of a centralized federal power against which the Confederate states claimed to be seceding. Amid the smoke and general chaos of battle, it was hard to distinguish the Confederate national flag, the "Stars and Bars," from the U. S. national flag, the "Stars and Stripes." Confederate Congressman William Porcher Miles suggested that the army have a . It was designed by Prussian-American artist Nicola Marschall in Marion, Alabama, and is said to resemble the Flag of Austria, with which Marschall would have been familiar. Thus, there would have been 7 stars from 4 March 1861 until 7 May 1861, when Virginia became the 8th Confederate State by Act of Congress. A white rectangle two times as wide as it is tall, a red quadrilateral in the canton, inside the canton is a blue saltire with white outlining, with thirteen white five-pointed stars of equal size inside the saltire. [59][60], Drawing in the United Confederate Veterans 1895 Sponsor souvenir album. Stars and Bars (final version) But it didnt look like that from a distanceand in the thick of battle, it was hard to tell the two apart. Some of the homages were outright mimicry, while others were less obviously inspired by the Stars and Stripes, yet were still intended to pay homage to that flag. Since it is known that Hayden & Whilden from Charleston provided eleven star unit flags for the Confederate Quartermasters Department, the number of eleven star flags made in this region undoubtedly was even larger. Although less well known than the "Confederate Battle Flags",the Stars and Bars was used as the official flag of the Confederacy from March 1861 to May of 1863. These flags show a high preponderance of flags with thirteen and fifteen stars, with most arranged in a circle around a center star, either of the same size or larger than the balance of the stars. [citation needed], The First Confederate Navy jacks, in use from 1861 to 1863, consisted of a circle of seven to fifteen five-pointed white stars against a field of "medium blue." Regiments carried flags to help commanders observe and assess battles in the warfare of the era. That changed in 1948 with the Dixiecrats, or States Rights Democratic Party, a racist, pro-segregation splinterparty formed by Southern Democrats. The result was anything but uniformity in the colors carried by the armies that coallesced in the Shenandoah Valley and around Centreville in June. Hetty Cary and her sister and cousin made prototypes. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars", used from 1861 to 1863; the "Stainless Banner", used from 1863 to 1865; and the "Blood-Stained Banner", used in 1865 shortly before the Confederacy's dissolution. In the wake of the 2017 Charlottesville white supremacist rally, demand for the banner surged across the country. [16], One of the first acts of the Provisional Confederate Congress was to create the Committee on the Flag and Seal, chaired by William Porcher Miles, a Democratic congressman, and Fire-Eater from South Carolina. In 2000, the flag over the state house was removed, at the . The flag was issued in the fall of 1861. This would serve to show the world the South was truly sovereign. Heres why each season begins twice. Johnston also specified the various sizes to be used by different types of military units. Beauregard and Joseph Johnston urged that a new Confederate flag be designed for battle. Miles' flag and all the flag designs up to that point were rectangular ("oblong") in shape. and the later Sons of Confederate Veterans, (S.C.V. Please be respectful of copyright. For many on the receiving end of hundreds of years of racism, the Confederate battle flag embodies everything from hatred to personal intimidationa far cry from the sanitized Lost Cause narrative that helped fuel its rise. The committee rejected the idea by a four-to-one vote, after which Beauregard proposed the idea of having two flags. Find the perfect The stars and bars flag stock video clips. The Stars and Bars' resemblance to the U.S. flag, combined with similarities between the two sides' uniforms and the general confusion of battle, contributed to an incident at First Manassas in which Confederate forces fired on a Confederate infantry brigade commanded by Jubal A. It was flying above the Confederate batteries that first opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, in South Carolina beginning the Civil War. Although Tennessee did not join the Confederacy until the middle of 1861, four of its unit flags bore seven stars and another three had eight (all seven stars surrounding a central star). The first national flag of the Confederate States of America was created in 1861 and had seven stars to represent the breakaway states of South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama,. Today, alongside the nations growing acknowledgment of systemic racism and widespread Black Lives Matterprotests, the Confederate flag predictably makes appearances at white supremacist gatherings. Available for both RF and RM licensing. Those inspired by the Stars and Stripes were discounted almost immediately by the Committee due to mirroring the Union's flag too closely. [ 1] The Stars and Bars flag was adopted March 4, 1861 in Montgomery, Alabama and raised over the dome of . Most contemporary interpretations of the white area on the flag hold that it represented the purity of the secessionist cause. The Flags of the Old Dominion Guards, 1st Louisiana Infantry (Dreuxs Battn.) The original flag of the Confederate States of America, commonly known as the "STARS AND BARS", was approved by the Congress of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States, and first hoisted over the capitol building in Montgomery, Alabama, on the afternoon of the 4th day of March, 1861. Four flags with nine stars (eight around a center star) emanated from Louisiana but two also were made in Mississippi in the same style. A lithograph from 1897 displays four prominent designs of the Confederate flag and states that the images "help in keeping within us recollections of those who gave their lives to the 'Lost Cause,' and to perpetuate the memories and traditions of the South.". Hundreds of designs were submitted and on May 4, 1861, the First National Flag was adopted (there would eventually be two others). Besides, many military units had their own regimental flags they would carry into battle. The committee asked the public to submit thoughts and ideas on the topic and was, as historian John M. Coski puts it, "overwhelmed by requests not to abandon the 'old flag' of the United States." STARS AND BARS Images of 8, 9 and 10 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. Stars and Bars From March of 1861, through April of 1863, during America's Civil War, the Stars and Bars was the official flag of the Confederacy. Thompson stated in April 1863 that he disliked the adopted flag "on account of its resemblance to that of the abolition despotism against which we are fighting."[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The Dixiecrat-era fad flag stoked its sale on everything from T-shirts to mugs and bumper stickers. "[11], The flag is also known as the Stainless Banner, and the matter of the person behind its design remains a point of contention. The "Stars and Bars" flag was adopted on March 4, 1861, in the first temporary national capital of Montgomery, Alabama, and raised over the dome of that first Confederate capitol. were conserved soon after. The first national flag of the Confederacy was the Stars and Bars (left) in 1861, but it caused confusion on the battlefield and rancour off it "Everybody wants a new Confederate flag,". Battle Flags in the Trans-Mississippi Department, Battle Flags of the Army of Northern Virginia, Battle Flags of the Army of Tennessee, late 1863 to 1865, Photos and Images of Army of Tennessee Augusta Depot Battle Flags, Battle Flags of the Army of the Mississippi / Army of Tennessee, 1861 to late 1863, Battle Flags of the Army of the Peninsula, Battle Flags of the Confederate Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana, Battle Flags of the Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, Secondary Flags of the Confederate States Army, Confederate States Navy Regulations Involving Flags, Navy Ensigns, Pennants, and Jacks, 1861-1863, Navy Ensigns, Pennants, and Jacks, 1863-1865. [11], Initial reaction to the second national flag was favorable, but over time it became criticized for being "too white." The Dixiecrats adoption of the Confederate battle flag as a party symbol led to a surge in the banners popularity, and a flag fad spread from college campuses to Korean War battlefields and beyond. But as secession got underway, the Confederate States of America. The 12th star represented Missouri. The union blue extending down through the white space and stopping at the lower red space. [note 4][20] The first showing of the 13-star flag was outside the Ben Johnson House in Bardstown, Kentucky; the 13-star design was also in use as the Confederate navy's battle ensign[citation needed]. ", "Gen. Beauregard suggested the flag just adopted, or else a field of blue in place of the white."
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